The discovery of the Frasassi Caves (Grotta Grande del Vento) dates back to September 25, 1971, by Rolando Silvestri of the Speleological Group Marchigiano CAI of Ancona, who identified its entrance during the expedition led by Giancarlo Cappanera. Since then, this cavity has become part of the karst complex Grotta del Fiume-Grotta Grande del Vento di Frasassi, which has been explored for a total development of over 30 km.
The first major speleological discovery in the Frasassi area, that of the River Cave (Grotta del Fiume), occurred on June 28, 1948, by Dr. Mario Marchetti, co-founder of the Speleological Group Marchigiano di Ancona.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the groups of the Italian Alpine Club (CAI) of Jesi and Fabriano explored the caves in the area, including, in 1966, a branch more than 1 km long that starts from the River Cave (Grotta del Fiume).
In July 1971, a group of 7 explorers from Jesi was drawn to a strong current of air emanating from a small opening. After enlarging the passage (later named Strettoia del Tarlo) to make it passable, the explorers ventured into a dense network of galleries, tunnels, shafts, and caves for a length of approximately 5 km.